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Creating and interpreting clear and precise ultrasound images is both an art and a science. Every other month, the Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography will ensure you don't skip a beat by presenting the latest diagnostic techniques and interpretation methods, thought-provoking case reports, most practical research applications, and the newest hardware/software technologies and equipment, in a variety of specialty areas.
- Increasing the Detection Rate of Normal Fetal Cardiac Structures: A Real-Time Approach
The purpose of this study was to determine if acquiring real-time sweeps of the fetal heart would be a more effective method of identifying normal cardiac structures compared with using static images during routine second-trimester obstetric sonograms. Subjects were scanned using three different techniques. The static image acquisition (protocol A) included three images of the fetal heart. Protocol B used two gray-scale sweeps through the fetal heart. Protocol C acquired three color loops of the fetal heart. The sweeps demonstrated a complete normal cardiac assessment in 71% of studies, compared with the static image and color Doppler techniques that completed a normal cardiac assessment in only 39% of studies, respectively. The real-time technique detected four chambers, the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), the LVOT/RVOT crossover, and size and axis of the heart with a greater frequency than the static images and color loops in all cases. In addition, the real-time technique was able to demonstrate the pulmonary veins in 56% of cases compared with 3.6% for static images. The color Doppler acquisition demonstrated blood flow through the atrial-ventricular and semilunar valves in 86% of cases.
- Enhancing Image Quality Using Advanced Signal Processing Techniques
The main expectation of a sonographer is to obtain images of diagnostic quality. This requires the fundamental knowledge of spatial, contrast, and temporal resolution. To help determine which of these parameters needs to be optimized, one needs a well-defined clinical approach. Once satisfactory imaging is achieved, advanced signal processing tools can then be applied to further enhance image quality beyond that of good acoustic windows and tissue paths. Spatial compounding and tissue harmonic imaging are two commonly used tools that have significant clinical relevance in diagnostic sonography. These tools have their own unique applications and benefits, as well as limitations. When used correctly, they have shown to significantly improve image quality, allowing for the possibility of increased accuracy and an improvement in diagnostic confidence.
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- Roles of Sonographers in the Management of Diabetes A Proposed Framework
Sonography plays an invaluable role in health care delivery worldwide. In Nigeria, most people involved in the sonography practice are medical imaging scientists (BSc radiographers). Ways in which sonographers can support the management of diabetes are explored in this article.
- Transrectal Sonographic Findings in Chronic Prostatitis: A Comparative Study With an Asymptomatic Control Group
The authors evaluated transrectal sonographic (TRS) findings in 31 patients who had clinical and laboratory evidence compatible with chronic prostatitis. A comparative parallel study was also carried out in a group of 14 healthy volunteers who did not have any clinical or laboratory findings consistent with prostatitis. The TRS findings in these groups were statistically analyzed, and comparisons were made. There was statistical evidence that some of these TRS findings were consistent with, and almost pathognomonic for, chronic prostatitis.
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